VIII.History.Chapter 8.The Modern India

   

VIII.Chapter 8.S.St.History.
The Modern Priod.
Topic-The East India Company.
Day1.Period 1.Page 95-96  
Terms/Keywords
A.D : Domini is Latin for in the year of the Lord

B.C : Before Christ 
C.E : Common Era or Current Era 
Artifact : an object made by human being, typically one of cultural or historical interest like weapons jewellery, coins, etc. 
Bill : a draft of law presented before a law making body for consideration.
Imperialism : a policy of extending a country's territory and influence through colonization over a weaken country: 
Renaissance : a revival of or renewed interest in something.
Vernacular : the language or dialect spoken by the common people of a particular country / clan / group.
Person 
Herodotus 484 BC- 425 BC .Herodotus is the father of history was an ancient Greek historian who was born in Halicamassus in the Persian Empire. He is known for having written the book The Histories, a detailed record of his "inquiry" on the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars.

Aurangzeb 1618 - 1707.
Dates 
1600  Formation of East India Company
1857 The Revolt of 1857
1707 When the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb breathed his last
1858 The power went into the hands of the British Crown.
1883 Ilbirt Bills.Indians could try the Eropeans
1885 Establishment of the Indian National Congress 
1909 Morley Minto - Reforms,
1917 Russian Revolution,
1929 Report of the Simon Commission,
1935 The Government of India Act etc. are important sources of information.
Understanding Ancient Period : 
In Class - Vl you have studied about the period from Stone Age to the development of civilization and North and South India,
Ancient period :in India just begins by 1500 BC to till death of Harsh Vardhan 647  CE
Medieval Period : Turkish invasions,Delhi Sultanate,Regional Powers,The Mughal Empire, etc.many empires in different parts of India, etc.
In Europe it begins by 5th to 15th century while in India it begins by 7th th 17th century.
In Class-Vll you have studied about the rise of various empires now,
Modern Period : we are going to learn about the Modern Period of Indian history which began in the Eighteenth century,
after1707,when the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb breathed his last.The crumbling of the old system gave place to new ideas and many new powers emerged on the political horizon of India.
The Coming of Europeans : The ever-changing political scenario heralded the dawn of the Modern Period, especially with the coming of the Europeans to India. During this period, India was exploited politically, socially, economically and culturally.
The East India Company (1600) was established as a trading company.But it took advantage of the political instability and gradually, took over the control of a large part of India.In 1858, the power went into the hands of the British Crown.
The nineteenth century witnessed various measures adopted by the East India Company(31.12.1600) to extend and consolidate its control over India like military action, introduction of railways, postal service, passing different Acts, etc.
The Revolt of 1857 was a major event but the colonial power suppressed  it ruthlessly.The British rule continued over India but the discontentment against the colonial power strengthened the national movement.The establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885 had far reaching effects.
The major events of the twentieth century India were the Partition of Bengal (1905,Lord Curzon), Formation  of Muslim League (1906),Home Rule League (1916)Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13.4.1919),etc.
The British government also introduced a series of reforms to pacify Indians and to weaken the freedom struggle. But India was able to end the British rule and gain independence in 1947 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and many other national leaders.
Unfortunately,India was divided into two countries - India and Pakistan.
Sources of Information
A.Archaeological Sources.
B.Literary Sources.
You know that remains of the past like old buildings, artifacts, inscriptions, books and other documents are of great help in reconstructing the history of the Ancient and the Medieval Period.
Let us have a look at the sources of information of the Modern Indian History which are preserves in archives.You can see them and read most of them.
A.Literary Sources
a.Records : British Document:
The British decided over India for almost 200 years.The records of reforms the Morley - Minto Reforms (1909), Report of the Simon Commission (1929), the Government of India Act 1935 etc.are important sources of information.They tell us about the condition of the people,culture, as well as administration of that time.
b.Bills Like, we get a lot of information to the various Bills like the llbert Bill (Lord Rippon.1883,Passed in 1884 Indians could try the Eropeans), the Arms Bill (Lord Lytton 1878-Indians could not sell,possess and carry firearms), etc., that were passed by the British Parliament.
c.Books.  Many books were written and printed during this period.They are present in public and private libraries.
d.Most books like 'Anandmath' by Bankim Chand Chattopadhyay,'My Experiments with Truth' by Mahatma Gandhi,'Unhappy India' by Lala Lajpat Rai, etc are available now, as from time to time.
e.Various Works They are an important source of information of the modern period.The poetry / prose / drama / stories / autobiographies / biographies written in this duration give us as insight into the conditions of that time.
f.Letters, writings, speeches, etc,They provide information about the developments that take place during a particular period.
Gandhi Smriti

Gandhi Smriti

For example, the collection of writings of Gandhiji at the Gandhi Smriti near Rajghat, which is one of the biggest museums on Gandhiji, has a library with around 60,000 books.It also has about 6,000 original photographs of 17 Gandhiji Gandhi Smriti Museum 
Slogan as'Freedom is our birth right, the slogan given by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the call given by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose,' You give me blood and I will give you freedom’and  Many other slogans tell us about the patriotic 

Tilak,Subhas.

feelings and the national fervor during our struggle forindependence.
g.Newspapers :The LondonTimes,Bombay Timesand vernacular papers like Bal GangadharTilak's Kesari in Marathi,Amrita Bazar Patrika in Bengali are important sources of the history of modern period.
Home Assignment 

a.Understand the contents by reading.

b.Make the inside Questions/Answers by your own.

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VIII.The Modern Period.
Topic - The East India Company.
Day2.Period 2.Page 97-98.
Terms 

Wikipedia is free online encyclopedia.
Dates 

1878 The British passed the Vernacular Press Act
1300 Renaissance, bagan approximately
1517-1688 Reformation, Around 16 th century.
1750  Industrial Revolution, Around
1789,14th of July French Revolution,
1917 Russian Revolution.
Understandings

News Papers The London Times, Bombay Times and vernacular papers like Bal Gangadhar Tilak's Kesari in Marathi,Amrita Bazar Patrika in Bengali are important sources of the history of modern period.

Do You Know ?The British passed the Vernacular Press Act in 1878 to repress the anti - government writings and propaganda.The Indian newspapers that worried the British government were

a.Somprakash,

b.Sulabh Samachar,

c.Halisahar Patrika,

d.Amrita Bazar Patrika,

e.Bharat Mihir,

f.Dacca Prakash,

g.Sadharani.

h.Bharat Sanskarak, etc.

Writing Skill : Which were the Indian News papers that worried the British?h.Administrative reports of the Government tribes, castes and land revenue settlements are also very important sources of information

The basic objective behind the surveys and reports of the British government was to learn about India before it could be administered effectively, for example, report on the survey and settlement operations in the District of Champaran (1913–19) in Bihar.

i. Internet or Databases : Internet or database like Digital South Asia Library and the British Library's Oriental and Indian Office Collections provide us a lot of information,

Do You Know? 
A digital library is a collection of documents in an organized electronic form, available on internet or on CD - ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory format) disk, i.e.In a coded form based on the specific library, a user may be able to access magazines, articles, books, papers, images, sound files and videos.

g.Wikipedia is free online encyclopedia.It is the largest and the most popular reference work on internet.  Its content is informative as well as verifiable.

Viceroy Lodge,India Gate and Town hall,Chennai

B.Archaeological Sources

Old buildings, artifacts and people: the architectural style of old buildings,artifacts and people of that period also tell us the tales of the past.Many people, who participated in the freedom struggle and saw the important changes, share their experiences which throw light on the life of the people and the conditions that existed.

Victoria Memorial Hall,Rashtrapati Bhawan 

Monuments  as Gateway of India, Mumbai ,Victoria Terminus, Mumbai ,Rashtrapati Bhawan, New Delhi Victoria Memorial, Kolkata.In the modern period of Indian history, we are going to take a look at India's suffering at the hands of the British imperialism and the subsequent achievement of independence from the foreign power, 

Victotia Terminas,Gateway of India,Bombay.

Do You Know?  Many changes that took place in the world originated in Europe, likeRenaissance, bagan approximately 1300

Reformation, Around 16 th century.1517-1688

Industrial Revolution, Around 1750

French Revolution, 14th of July 1789

Russian Revolution, 1917

Nationalism, Imperialism, etc. 
Home Assignment 

a.Understand the contents by reading.

b.Make the inside Questions/Answers by your own.

c.Learn them.
d.Keep eyes over figures.