Raman's Workshop

Chapter 10 The Rise of Small Kingdoms in North India Chauhan Protaras Pain Harshvardhan was the last great ruler of ancient India.   After his death, the whole empire disintegrated into many small kingdoms due to the miserable economic condition and lack of proper administration by his weak successors.   This was a period of political instability in north India.   Three powerful kingdoms arose between 750 CE and 1000 CE out of the ruins of Harsha's empire, and hence, this period is also known as the Age of Three Empires.   The Rashtrakutas took over the control in northern part of Deccan, the Palas in eastern India (Bengal and Bihar region) and the Pratiharas in Avanti (southern Rajasthan and Gujarat).   The three main kingdoms, though continuously engaged in wars, were INDIAN OCEAN successful in providing stable administration, Small kingdoms in North India which helped in the progress of art and literature.   Let us study them one by one.   RA...

Chapter 17 Major Religions in Class - Vl, we have learnt about the major religions which prevailed during the ancient period.   started in India during seventh to fifteenth century.   In this chapter, we shall learn about Islam and Sikhism and different religious movements which ISLAM Islam was founded by Prophet Mohammad.   He was born in Mecca in 570 CE and was brought up by his uncle who took him over to Arabia.   Later on, he married a widow under whom he was employed.   At the age of forty, he got the light of wisdom (revelation) while meditating in a cave near Mecca and declared himself the Prophet of Allah.   It is believed that Quran was revealed to him by the God's angel, Gabriel.   Mohammad was opposed to idol worship.   Mohammad was not liked by the orthodox and rich people of Mecca.   He moved to Madina, where he was Do You Know?   warmly welcomed by the people.   After the death of Prophet Mohammad (632 CE), Abu Ba...

Chapter 16  Emergence of Independent States KA Gha om Rast Multan Detha Jodhpur Rag Aga.  Joure Amer Meww SIND Berres Namdabad Guarat Beg Surat Hugo Ahoradraga Man BAY OF BENGAL GOOD ARABIAN SEA.  Spur Mysore Go Madres Pondicherry Calato Cochin INDIAN LANKA OCEAN Independent States  The Mughal empire had knitted the whole country into one single unit.  The death of the Emperor Aurangzeb led to a steady decline of the Mughal empire.  Gradually, it lost its glory and the empire became limited to only a few square kilometres around Delhi.  In 1803, the British army occupied Delhi and the Mughal emperor became a mere pensioner.  The wars of succession had become a tradition among the Mughals.  This deteriorated the political and the financial condition of the empire.  Many local and regional forces started emerging in India.  In the eighteenth century, a large number of independent and semi - independent powers came to the front...

Chapter 15 The Mughal Empire Babur attacked India in early sixteenth century.  At that time, India was an easy prey for any invader, as it was divided into a number of small states.  These small kingdoms were incapable of standing up to any foreign aggression.  Delhi had lost its glory under Ibrahim Lodi.  His personal officers opposed him and invited Babur to invade India.  The situation in Punjab, Gujarat, Bengal, Malwa, Rajputana, Kashmir, etc.  , was quite bad.  There was widespread lawlessness and disorder.  Boundaries of Mughal Empire Kabuto Ghamia Songs Kashmir Quandhar.  Lahore ur Multan.  Baner Panipat Dalia Agra Gwalior Chiltor amung Awadh SIND Patria Bihar Ahemdabad Malwa Gujaray Narmada Gongwana M Khandesh Berar Ahmednagar BAY OF BENGAL Bidar Golkonda • Gulbarga ARABIAN SEA.  Bijapur Tirpathias God Vjaynagar Callao Cochine SRI LANKA OCEAN INDIAN MUGHAL 1605 CE The local rulers were unpopular among the...

Chapter 14   Regional Powers The weakening of the Delhi Sultanate had begun from the time of Muhammad - bin - Tughlaq.   The Sultans were not able to provide effective supervision over the southern provinces.   The result was that during the fifteenth century many independent kingdoms emerged in India.   Foremost among them were Vijaynagar, Bahmani, Ahom, Mewar, Marwar and Kashmir.   Kashmir Ladakh Lahore du Sud Tags Dethl.   Lodi Kingdom Baner • Jodhpur Mans Sind Gwalior Sittor Mowa Ganga Sharos Yarne Bengal Malwa Mandu Mahanadi Khandesh Duutabad Gajapats.   Baharani Bidar Bahamani Kingdom. Page 111.VIJAYNAGAR EMPIRE Vijaynagar Kingdom was founded by the two sons of Sangam, Harihar and Bukka.   In 1336 CE, with the inspiration of their Guru Vidyaranya, they established an independent Hindu state of Vidyanagar or Vijaynagar on the banks of the River Tungabhadra.   It is now called Humpl.   Both the brothers dominated...

Chapter 13 Delhi Sultanate During the late twelveth century (1173-1290), India was divided into many small and large aates.   There was a lack of unity among different rulers.   Under these circumstances, the ruler of mall state of Ghor, Gayasuddin Muhammad, popularly known as Muhammad Ghori, invaded India ad conquered Punjab, Sindh and a few other states.   In 1191 CE, he was challenged by Prithvira hauhan, the ruler of Delhi and Ajmer.   Helped by many Rajput rulers, he defeated Muhammad nori, who somehow managed to escape.   But with greater preparation and the help of Jaichand, E wal of Prithviraj Chauhan, Ghori defeated Prithviraj in 1192 CE.   Though there were many rulers with rithviraj, he was defeated and killed.   The Turks captured Ajmer and Delhi.   Later on, Jaichand wa so killed in a battle in 1194 CE.   Muhammad Ghori returned to Ghor with a large booty.   He appointed Qutubuddin Aibek as his eputy in India.   On...