Chapter 14.History.
The Nationalist Movement.
The Nationalist Movement.
Inside Questions:
Q.How did the Rule of East India Company end?
Ans.-The
Rule of East India Company ended with Queen Victoria’s Proclamation of November
1, 1858. (Pg.126, Para-1)
Q.When did Queen Victoria’s Proclamation take place?
Ans.-Queen
Victoria’s Proclamation took place on November1,1858. (Pg.126,
Para-1)
Q.What gave birth to Indian National Movement?
Ans.-The
bitter agitation of being treated unfairly that surfaced in form of different
rebellions gave birth to the Indian National Movement.(Pg.126, Para-1)
Q.Who formed the Indian Association and when?
Ans.-Surendranath Banerjee formed the
Indian Association in 1876 in Calcutta.(Pg.126,
Para-2)
Q.Who formed the Indian National Congress and when?
Ans.-Allan Octavian Hume formed the Indian
National Congress in December, 1885. (Pg.126,
Para-3)
Q.Where did the first meeting of the Indian National Congress take
place and under whose presidentship?
Ans.-The first meeting of the Indian
National Congress took place in Bombay under the presidentship of W C Bonerjee.
(Pg.126, Para-4)
Q.What were the main demands of the Moderates?
Ans.-The main demands of the Moderates
were:
To
have representatives institutions in the whole country for the welfare of the
people.
To
create Provincial Legislative Councils in all provinces.
To
recruit Indians for higher positions in the administration.
To
hold Civil Services Examination in India.
To
ensure the growth of Indian industries and handicrafts.
To
stop the drain of wealth to Britain.
To
end the exploitation of wealth to Britain.
To
end the exploitation of Indian resources and people.(Pg.126,
Para-4)
Q.Who were the prominent leaders of the Moderates?
Ans.-The prominent leaders of the Moderates were
Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendra Nath Banerjee, Pheroz Shah
Mehta, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Badruddin Tayabji and others. (Pg.127, Para-2)
Q.Who emerged as new leaders of the Radicals?
Ans.-Aurobindo
Ghosh, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai (Lal, Bal,
Pal) emerged as new leaders of the Radicals.
(Pg.127, Para- 3)
Q.Who ordered the partition of
Bengal and why?
Ans.-Lord
Curzon ordered the partition of Bengal in July, 1905 in order to weaken the
Hindu-Muslim unity. (Pg.127, Para-4)
Q.What was the main excuse given
for the partition of Bengal by the Britishers?
Ans.-The
main excuse given for the partition of Bengal by the Britishers for was that it
was difficult to govern and collect revenue from such a big province. (Pg.127, Para-4)
Q.What were the main tools
adopted for achieving Swaraj by the radicals?
Ans.-Boycott and National Education were
adopted as the main tools for achieving Swaraj by the radicals. (Pg.127, Para-4)
Q.How did students and women play
important role in attaining Swaraj?
Ans.-Students played an important role in attaining Swaraj by boycotting classes and picketing shops selling foreign goods. Many women joined processions and picketing. (Pg.127, Para-4)
Q.What did the radical group among the Congress encourage?
Ans.-The radical group among the Congress encouraged:
Love for swadeshi goods
Participation in mass rallies to boycott foreign goods.
Boycott of government services, schools and colleges.
Surrender of titles conferred by the British. (Pg.127, Para-5)
Q.Where did the Swadeshi Movement spread from Bengal?
Ans. - The Swadeshi Movement spread from Bengal to Maharashtra and Punjab. (Pg.128, Para-1)
When the Calcutta session of Congress did took place and by whom was it presided?
Ans.-The Calcutta session of Congress took place in 1906 and it was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji. (Pg.128, Para-1)
When did the Congress spilt into two groups? Who were the leaders of the Moderates and the Radicals then?
Ans. - The Indian National Congress spilt into two groups, namely Moderates and Radicals (Extremists), in 1907.
Ans.-Students played an important role in attaining Swaraj by boycotting classes and picketing shops selling foreign goods. Many women joined processions and picketing. (Pg.127, Para-4)
Q.What did the radical group among the Congress encourage?
Ans.-The radical group among the Congress encouraged:
Love for swadeshi goods
Participation in mass rallies to boycott foreign goods.
Boycott of government services, schools and colleges.
Surrender of titles conferred by the British. (Pg.127, Para-5)
Q.Where did the Swadeshi Movement spread from Bengal?
Ans. - The Swadeshi Movement spread from Bengal to Maharashtra and Punjab. (Pg.128, Para-1)
When the Calcutta session of Congress did took place and by whom was it presided?
Ans.-The Calcutta session of Congress took place in 1906 and it was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji. (Pg.128, Para-1)
When did the Congress spilt into two groups? Who were the leaders of the Moderates and the Radicals then?
Ans. - The Indian National Congress spilt into two groups, namely Moderates and Radicals (Extremists), in 1907.
The
Moderates were led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Pherozshah Mehta.
The
Radials were led by Lal, Bal, and Pal. (Pg.128,
Para-2)
What were the Radicals referred to as by the British?
What were the Radicals referred to as by the British?
Ans. -
The Radicals were referred to as Extremists
by the British. (Pg.128, Para-2)
When and who formed the Muslim League?
Ans. - The Muslim League was formed by Aga Khan, the religious head of Muslim sect and Nawab Salimulla of Dhaka in 1906. The Britishers were practicing the policy of ‘Divide and Rule’ to weaken the Hindu-Muslim unity and they encouraged the Muslims to form their own organization. (Pg.128, Para-3)
Why did the British announce the Morley-Minto Reforms?
Ans. –The British announced the Morley-Minto Reforms to pacify the Moderates but the reforms did not heed to the demand of Indians for Swaraj. Muslims were granted separate electorate (representation). This reform seemed to be a threat to the Hindi-Muslim unity in the National Movement. The Moderates opposed it and the struggle for Swaraj became more intense. (Pg.128, Para-4)
Who established the Home Rule League and where? What was the main purpose behind it
Ans. - Ms. Annie Besant, an Irish Lady, established the Home Rule League in Madras and Bal Gangadhar Tilak established it in Maharashtra in 1916.
When and who formed the Muslim League?
Ans. - The Muslim League was formed by Aga Khan, the religious head of Muslim sect and Nawab Salimulla of Dhaka in 1906. The Britishers were practicing the policy of ‘Divide and Rule’ to weaken the Hindu-Muslim unity and they encouraged the Muslims to form their own organization. (Pg.128, Para-3)
Why did the British announce the Morley-Minto Reforms?
Ans. –The British announced the Morley-Minto Reforms to pacify the Moderates but the reforms did not heed to the demand of Indians for Swaraj. Muslims were granted separate electorate (representation). This reform seemed to be a threat to the Hindi-Muslim unity in the National Movement. The Moderates opposed it and the struggle for Swaraj became more intense. (Pg.128, Para-4)
Who established the Home Rule League and where? What was the main purpose behind it
Ans. - Ms. Annie Besant, an Irish Lady, established the Home Rule League in Madras and Bal Gangadhar Tilak established it in Maharashtra in 1916.
The
main purpose behind establishing was to attain self-government. (Pg.128, Para-5)
When did the Moderates and Radicals reunite?
Ans.-The Moderates and Radicals reunited in 1916 to strengthen the national movement after nine years and signed a joint pact at Lucknow with the Muslim League. They jointly demanded self-rule for India. (Pg.129, Para-1)
Who took over the leadership of the Congress after the First World War?
Ans.-Mahatma Gandhi took over the leadership of the Congress after the First World War (1914-18). (Pg.129, Para-2)
What was Satyagraha?
Ans.-Satyagraha-demand for truth was the technique of non-violent agitation introduced by Mahatma Gandhi. It was a non-violent struggle against the British oppression. He propagated tolerance, brotherhood, non-violence (ahimsa) and simple living. (Pg.129, Para-2)
When and where did Gandhiji begin his first movement? What was the main purpose behind it?
Ans.-Gandhiji began his first movement in support of peasants in Champaran in Bihar in 1917.
He forced the British Government to increase the price of indigo for the benefit of peasants. (Pg.129, Para-3)
When did the Moderates and Radicals reunite?
Ans.-The Moderates and Radicals reunited in 1916 to strengthen the national movement after nine years and signed a joint pact at Lucknow with the Muslim League. They jointly demanded self-rule for India. (Pg.129, Para-1)
Who took over the leadership of the Congress after the First World War?
Ans.-Mahatma Gandhi took over the leadership of the Congress after the First World War (1914-18). (Pg.129, Para-2)
What was Satyagraha?
Ans.-Satyagraha-demand for truth was the technique of non-violent agitation introduced by Mahatma Gandhi. It was a non-violent struggle against the British oppression. He propagated tolerance, brotherhood, non-violence (ahimsa) and simple living. (Pg.129, Para-2)
When and where did Gandhiji begin his first movement? What was the main purpose behind it?
Ans.-Gandhiji began his first movement in support of peasants in Champaran in Bihar in 1917.
He forced the British Government to increase the price of indigo for the benefit of peasants. (Pg.129, Para-3)
What was Dual Government-Diarchy?
Ans. - Diarchy means a government by two authorities. Diarchy in India was introduced by Government of India Act of 1919. Under Diarchy, all important subjects like defense, finance etc. were controlled by British Officials whereas in order to please the Indian officials and ministers, they were given the control of hard yet unnecessary subjects like forests, education etc.The main power still remained in the hands of British Officials. (Pg.129, Para-4)
What was Rowlatt Act of 1919? Why was it known as the Black Law?
Ans. - Rowlatt Act of 1919 was an act introduced by the British Government to consolidate their control over the governance of India as there was an increase in the protests from Indians against the British. This act gave the British the power to arrest anyone without a warrant and imprison people without trial.
It was known as Black Law because an unlawfully detained person was not allowed to go for an Appeal, Dalil (argument) and Vakil (lawyer). (Pg.129, Para-5)
Write a briefing of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
Ans. - On April 13, 1919, the people of Punjab gathered on the auspicious day of Baisakhi at Jallianwala Bagh near Golden Temple in Amritsar. They were protesting peacefully against the arrest of the two prominent congress leaders of Punjab- Dr. Satya Pal and Saiffudin Kitchlew. General Dyer ordered the British armed forces to open fire at the hundreds of innocent, unarmed men, women and children. The whole country was shocked. The government imposed martial law in Punjab. (Pg.130, Para-1)
What was Martial Law?
Ans - Martial Law was a Law, under the British Government, in which people were tortured, newspapers were banned and mails were censored. (Pg.130, Para-2)
What was the Non-Cooperation Movement? How did it begin in India?
Ans - The Non-Cooperation Movement was a mass movement started by Mahatma Gandhi in which he summoned people not to cooperate with the government. It was directed against the injustices done by the British in Punjab and Turkey.
The Non-Cooperation Movement started in India with the following actions-
(a) Renouncing of titles and honours given by the British.
(b) Boycott of legislatures.
(c) Boycott of school and colleges by students and teachers.
(d) Opening of Jamia Millia at Aligarh and Kashi Vidya Peeth at Benaras.
(e) Boycott of government offices and courts.
Ans. - Diarchy means a government by two authorities. Diarchy in India was introduced by Government of India Act of 1919. Under Diarchy, all important subjects like defense, finance etc. were controlled by British Officials whereas in order to please the Indian officials and ministers, they were given the control of hard yet unnecessary subjects like forests, education etc.The main power still remained in the hands of British Officials. (Pg.129, Para-4)
What was Rowlatt Act of 1919? Why was it known as the Black Law?
Ans. - Rowlatt Act of 1919 was an act introduced by the British Government to consolidate their control over the governance of India as there was an increase in the protests from Indians against the British. This act gave the British the power to arrest anyone without a warrant and imprison people without trial.
It was known as Black Law because an unlawfully detained person was not allowed to go for an Appeal, Dalil (argument) and Vakil (lawyer). (Pg.129, Para-5)
Write a briefing of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
Ans. - On April 13, 1919, the people of Punjab gathered on the auspicious day of Baisakhi at Jallianwala Bagh near Golden Temple in Amritsar. They were protesting peacefully against the arrest of the two prominent congress leaders of Punjab- Dr. Satya Pal and Saiffudin Kitchlew. General Dyer ordered the British armed forces to open fire at the hundreds of innocent, unarmed men, women and children. The whole country was shocked. The government imposed martial law in Punjab. (Pg.130, Para-1)
What was Martial Law?
Ans - Martial Law was a Law, under the British Government, in which people were tortured, newspapers were banned and mails were censored. (Pg.130, Para-2)
What was the Non-Cooperation Movement? How did it begin in India?
Ans - The Non-Cooperation Movement was a mass movement started by Mahatma Gandhi in which he summoned people not to cooperate with the government. It was directed against the injustices done by the British in Punjab and Turkey.
The Non-Cooperation Movement started in India with the following actions-
(a) Renouncing of titles and honours given by the British.
(b) Boycott of legislatures.
(c) Boycott of school and colleges by students and teachers.
(d) Opening of Jamia Millia at Aligarh and Kashi Vidya Peeth at Benaras.
(e) Boycott of government offices and courts.
Comments
Post a Comment